BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Pregnant women were a priority group for vaccination during the 2009 A(H1N1) influenza pandemic. In France, vaccination was organized in ad hoc centers. Women received vouchers by mail and were given a non-adjuvanted vaccine. Our objective was to assess the national vaccination rate among pregnant women and to determine the association of vaccination with maternal characteristics, prenatal care, and pregnancy-related health behaviors. METHOD: Data came from a national representative sample of women who gave birth in March 2010 (N=13 453) and were interviewed in the hospital before discharge; they were in the second trimester of pregnancy during the vaccination campaign. Associations between vaccination and socio-demographic and medical characteristics, region of residence, care providers, and preventive behaviors were assessed with bivariable analyses and logistic regression models. RESULTS: Vaccine coverage was 29.3% (95% CI: 28.6-30.1). The main reason for not being vaccinated was that women did not want this immunization (91%). In adjusted analyses, vaccination was more frequent in women who were older, employed, born in France, with a parity of 1 or 2 and specific favourable health behaviors. The adjusted odds ratio for women with a postgraduate educational level was 4.1 (95% CI: 3.5-4.8) compared to those who did not complete high school. Women with additional risk factors for complications from A(H1N1) infection had a vaccination rate similar to that of other women. CONCLUSION: The vaccination campaign resulted in poor vaccination coverage, strong social inequalities, and no special protection for pregnant women at the highest risk of complications. These findings provide essential information for the organization of future vaccination campaigns.